Keyboard to tape data input preparation unit

ABSTRACT

A data input preparation machine having keyboard means for use in entering data into buffer storage and processing such data to and from magnetic tape. The buffer storage includes a plurality of positions, each of which positions has storage means for both program and data information. Automatic verification means provide automatic verification of program entries at machine speeds, and memory and field backspace keys permit automatic backspacing to the previously keyed character of the most significant position of a field. The most significant position entries in the program section of buffer storage are also used for the LOF sequences for individual characters in such field, the transport being from the more significant positions of the field to the less significant positions of the field. Alphanumeric display means provide display of characters in a pattern identical to the character pattern on the keyboard; individual members for identifying the selected positions in memory, and alphanumeric program field identifiers all of which materially reduce operator time in the data processing operation. Novel register and memory arrangements using a reduced amount of equipment minimize the cycle process time for both program and data entry.

United States Patent Findeisen et al. [45] July 11, 1972 s41 KEYBOARD T0 TAPE DATA INPUT 3,346,853 l0/l967 Koster =1 al ..340/112.s

PREPARATION UNIT U Primary Examiner-Pau Henon [72) Inventors: Heinz H. Hndelsen, Milford, Mass; James ASH-am g s R Chifli stkfi i g f a sii Attorney-Johnson, Dienner, Emrich, Verbeck and Wagner u urn; times n, u urn, "1.; Thomas R. Thomas, Springfield, "1.; 57 CT Jack R. Bowers, Petersburg, lll. A data input preparation machine having keyboard means for Asslflneei i Company, Spflngfieldv use in entering data into buffer storage and processing such data to and from magnetic tape. The buffer storage includes a [22] Filed: May I, 1970 plurality of positions, each of which positions has storage means for both program and data information. Automatic PP 33.723 verification means provide automatic verification of program entries at machine speeds, and memory and field backspace [52] us CL 340]": 5 keys permit automatic backspacing to the previously keyed [51] hm'cl all'o character of the most significant position of a field. The most significant position entries in the program section of buffer [58] Field of Search ..340/l72.5, 324, 35/5,6 storage are also used for the LOF sequences for individual I 56] References Cited characters insuch field, the transport being from the more significant positions of the field to the less significant positions of UMTED STATES PATENTS the field. Alphanumeric display means provide display of characters in a pattern identical to the character pattern on 3,50l ,746 3/ i970 Vosbury ..340/ I 72.5 the keyboard; individual members id if i the sdeced 3,248,705 4/l966 Dammann et al.... ..340/l72.5 positions in memory and alphanumeric program fi ld 3980561 963 "35/6 identifiers all of which materially reduce operator time in the 3,360,781 l2/l967 Boehnkem. .....340/l72.5 data messing operation Nove| register d memory 3,433.523 2/l969 8 r 340/1725 rangements using a reduced amount of equipment minimize 2; gerkms "340/ the cycle process time for both program and data entry. rown 3,364,473 [/1968 Reitz et al ..340/] 72.5 34 Claims, 38 Drawing Figures 0 we a Y z i i -flz lg-6 ":1 1 ;-:::o "1 A s o F o HTJGKQLSM 5.2 EH57} 5 p Da ni EIJTEIEREDUV FPR 1 c v B N gems" $5., Z'': Z522?" Li $5,150 5: 52

4o (It/OFF RECmD UNLOAD 8 IS Patented July 11, 1972 3,676,854

12 Sheets-Sheet 3 KEY 6 3 B PROG. ENTER STFIOKE TRANS 1 lRESET CLEAR STROBE v GATE x 2 4 KEY ATRIX :j pnoemm BOARD 6 RE 12 70 Y PROGRAM R565 DISPLAY I28 29 READ w TE READ x 5 PS 6 I rI'" ADV wRITE 3,6 & 4 COL. I F p05 sELMEA- I 1 I55 PROG. SEL. HEM so DIggLAY 6 vms m 29 COMP cKT CLEAR x,4 l PROGRAM l REG. I a.c READ x 3 READ x,5 TRoBE EN ADV S G 79 5 wRITE 3,6 4 l 0 x Y COL! l PosITIoIv mrmx CYCLE Q12 :2: SELECTION 5 4 PULSE .GEN. L/Mcp JILEQALL M H DISPLAY COLIZO E:::: 2 I2 25 8 m DATA ENTRY B TRANS COMPARATOR x DATA SEL. a 2 KEY MATRIX GATES 84 V 6 4 246 B0 ARD DATA D A T A DISPLAY READ WRITE READ x,5 1 "I 1 I-- 4 a, c 5 V 5 WRITE 3, s l

0 79 MEANS 26 XI-6Y R W CLEARX4 MACH PULSE GEN I PRQG. DISFLA 5O REG. BLBZ-o- 29 MCP INVENTORS THOMAS RTHOMAS HEINZ H. FINDEI SEN JACK R, BQWERS JAMES D KALLMEYER BY DAVID G SOKOL JAMES Hv STEIN a4. ,zaw w 4 m ATTYS.

Patented July 11, 1972 3,676,854

12 Sheets-Sheet c STROBE GEN.

KE YBOARD 12 FBS H (COL I) CHARACTER KEYS SELECT DATA GATE 84 MATRIX 6 LINES NUM SHIFT LTR SHIFT mos p2 SHIFT P4 MSPY I930 INVENTORs THOMAS R. THOMAS I-EINZ H. FINDEI SEN JACK R.BOWERS JAMES o KALLMEYER DAVID G. SOKOL.

JAMES HSTEIN THOMAS R. THOMAS 0 R MSP s JACK R.

CLKY

BO WERS JAMES 0.

Patented July 11, 1972 3,676,854

12 Sheets-Sheet 5 READ mssron 3L FIGIO DOWN counr 33 Mac! 332 K BIT} 3:4 336 (LOAD A) B;

r0 mp5 READ ancx FIG. :3 -T0 TAPE WRITE CLOCK FIGJS EXT. 286 '-P.U I 2 FROM oumor new 2451 H3 MACHINE CYCLE mp5 PULSE GEN M655 INPUT EC (6 com); COUNTER CLK STROBE GEN. 94

6 it I 2 '4 '8O' :3 -32 PL GATE j: 96 97 2g DL I 42 POWER I RESET 93 0 7 I 3. HO)

I091 51 'D I 220 CLK.I 52 AQTQ vgmngmgu gm :00 m: real fLED- 22/ (FIGIZII KALLMEYER DAVID G SOKOL BY JAMES H STEIN ATTYS 4 "0 CLK.5 P5 :D 2:4

-RESET 204 202 l 0 S STROBE j MSPM R I GATE FF LK 4, I

INVENTORS Patented July 11, 1972 12 Sheets-Sheet 7 FULL H PROGRAM DECODER BCD ADD FAKE MSP RELKEY SELECT PRGJ I6Ib

COMHQRE 42 P ON/OFF DOWN MATRIX SECTION 26 272 man) GATES 276 DISPLAY 4 BIT (ADDER) COMPARE MEM 0m COUNTER P /00wc0 UNTE ADDRESS LINES HOG 2 06 N MM MDM 0 s W M H TW 7 RB m R Patented July 11, 1972 TAPE READ CLOCK 35! (FIGJOI TA PE WRITE CLOCK 350 (FIGJO I STATUS 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 ZBSGIFIG. II)

LAUTO DUP/SKIP swn'cn DISPLA SECTION 29 FIG. I0

MS P CODE LIGHTS DUP SKIP DUP LOF -o- VER FIELD LIGHTS CODE SKIP

LOF

NON

VERIFY ENTER INPUT l 6 I3 VERI UP 360) CLKJ 330 aowu l 353 DATA m 3/4 DATA our TAPE RELEASE 2550,5TR0BE 352 ANlegf-IR A LLOAD 021x01. TAPE fi'SEAHCfi OG C DECK 5 l; 290 TH, TO

\ZREWIND as i x MANUAL TAPE 5 0 CONTROLS INHIBIT [707 7" CLK6 I 1 ILTR 0' 59 we R 0 LTR --4 NFL? ZHUM 488 cum :93 -[i IZFIGJGI MSP DETECTOR THOMAS R.THOMA$ JACK R. BOWERS Ii HQME REG OFF HEINZ H JAMES D DAVID G JAMES H 5W4 MA ATTYS Patented July 11, 1972 3,676,854

12 Sheets-Sheet 1 l TAPE w INPUT LwF KEY I SHOT KEY 402 441' Z R c005 8 2 BITS 9146 DATA c ING Nov 410 PROG 0 s MSP BS1 ADV MSP UP MSP 95/ ADV 412 some as; ADV M 421 CHARACTER CHAR 4I3 cHARB's':

408 DOW UP as: ADV MSP 414 as! AFv 4/5 55! ADV CHAR 423 FEM/EMT? 425 MSP ATTYS.

Patented July 11, 1972 3,676,854

12 Sheets-Shea t 12 FIG/7 452. c EAR L CLOCK 3 4 5 6 63 CHAR DET. DATA REG CLEAR ENCODING SECTION 430 C FLIP FLOP SECTION 440 To SPEC FUNC INPUT F 0 R PULSE GENv TO w 81 10! COUNT INVENTORS THOMASR. THOMAS HEINZ H. FINDEISEN JACK R. BOWERS JAMES 0 KALLMEYER DAVID G. SOKOL JAMES H STEIN ATTY S KEYBOARD TO TAPE DATA INPUT PREPARATION UNIT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to data preparation input equipment having a keyboard for keying raw source data into a preparation circuit for storage on a computer compatible tape.

2. Description of the Prior Art It is well known that the recordation of information or data on magnetic tape makes possible a more flexible and efficient use of computer equipment in data processing applications. With such knowledge, the art has turned to the development of equipment which is adapted for use in the direct entry of raw source information on magnetic tape in a computer compatible form.

While most units known in the prior art heretofore have included certain advantages from the standpoint of speed (which naturally flowed from the use of electronic equipment), the units did not constitute, in most respects, much more than a duplication of the existing mechanical card punch and key verifier equipment previously known in the field.

In the development of such prior an equipment, it would appear that emphasis was placed on duplicating the previously known mechanical equipment rather than on the provision of improved equipment which made possible an increased work output by the operator in the man-machine system. As a result, the prior art equipment has for the most part had builtin drawbacks and shortcomings.

By way of brief example, existing machines provide little in the way of information to the operator which pertains to the status or condition of the machine. f similar import, the limited information which has been provided in known equipment is normally presented in a manner which is difficult for even a trained operator to assimilate and accept.

As a result of such basic shortcomings, operator training and procurement has been a problem to the users of such equipment. Again, by way of example, the electronic systems which replace the key punch and verifier equipment must necessarily operate in a number of different modes (as for example, program entry, program verification, data entry, data verification, and search modes). Each mode has different sequences of preparation and different sequences of operation and, as a result, indoctrination and training of an operator is necessarily time-consuming and costly. Further, since such systems normally provide readout of information from the machine in the machine language (normally binary coded information such as for example the nine level EBCDIC code) the problem of training operators to become efficient data preparers is difficult and costly. In areas in which employee turnover is higher than average, such shortcomings are of serious concern.

In addition to the increased training costs inherent in the use of the more complex equipment, it is reasonable to assume that the very complexity of the system also results in an increased error rate. Further, in the event of an error, the complexity of existing systems results in greater time periods for effecting error correction. All of these problems pertaining to error correction are further accentuated by the fact that in a complex system only limited information is made available to the operator, and in a form which is extremely difficult to assimilate and accept.

SUMMARY OFTHE INVENTION There is a need for, and it is an object of the present invention to provide, a keyboard to tape system which provides an increased amount of information to the operator for use in processing of raw data to a magnetic tape, and more specifically, to provide such information in a form which is readily understood and quickly assimilated by the operator.

It is a specific object to provide a readout to the operator, at any time, of (a) the identification of the position in memory at which the system is located, (b) the character stored in data memory, and (c) the character identification of the field as stored in program memory. Of like import the information is presented to the operator in alphanumeric form (rather than in the coded messages of the machine language) so that the operator may quickly accept the information provided by the system, and take such measures which are consistent with such information and to permit the operator to manipulate the equipment and data in a way which is most meaningful to the operator; rather than being clouded by machine oriented requirements.

According to one feature of the invention, the machine includes a display of a keyboard pattern of characters which is identical to the keyboard pattern which is used to enter the data into the system, and readout means which are selectively enabled to effect readout of the particular character in the display pattern which is stored in the data memory for the position to which the machine has been operated. Since the operator is well trained in the use of the keyboard there is no loss in training the operator to accept the character information presented on the keyboard in such pattern.

As a further adjunct to the operation of the system the novel display means includes a position identification display which consists of a number for each position in memory, the numbers being arranged in a recognizable sequence in horizontal rows, and means for illuminating the particular number which identifies the position at which the machine is located at any given time. Again, the operator may quickly ascertain, without need for a translation of coded information, the specific numerical identification as well as mechanical position of the data in memory.

As yet another aid to the operator, the novel equipment includes automatic program verification means which are operative to generate characters for the purpose of verifying an entire field by merely depressing the correct digit when the system is in the MSP position for such field. In such program verification mode the system, in addition to generating verification characters, uses such characters to search for any variation of the registered digits from those which are being automatically generated. In the event of a difference, the system stops at the position in memory which does not appear to have the proper character entry.

If the field has been properly entered during the program entry mode, the automatic verification will proceed to the end of the field, and thereupon halts, awaiting the depression of the key which corresponds to the MSP for the succeeding field. In a unit having positions the operator may, in a typical example, only be required to verify 10 to l2 characters with the machine automatically verifying the remaining characters at the machine speed of approximately 50,000 bits per second (i.e., as compared to manual verification of I20 characters which is required in known machines).

The novel equipment also includes a field backspace key which permits the operator to backspace the system to the beginning of the particular field in which the system is operating. In cases of an operator error, as for example the entry of the wrong block of information in the field, the operator rather than backspacing a column at a time, need merely operate the field backspace key, and the equipment will automatically back up to the beginning of such field. Such arrangement is a further aid to the decrease of error correction time experienced in the normal prior art equipment.

The novel equipment also includes a memory backspace key. In case of operator sensed error, or for checking purposes an M88 key permits the operator to return to the previously keyed character in memory, one at a time in reverse succession. Characters in fields that have been entered or verified by automatic program means such as programmed duplication or programmed skipping cannot be accessed by this method. This prevents inadvertent erasure of data in such fields. It also allows the operator to have only one means of accessing this prior programmed manual key stroke location. Other equipment requires different procedures depending on the location and its relationship to the program.

The presentation and display of the information in the manner set forth above as an aid to the operator is made possible by a new and improved circuit arrangement for the system, and particularly by the novel combination and interconnection of register and memory circuits which result in a more expeditious access to the readout and display of the information in the system. The novel arrangement of the system components permits the use of a cycling sequence wherein only a single cycle of eight clock pulses X, 1-6, Y is required at each position of memory in any mode of operation to achieve the desired data entry. In addition, the novel circuitry also includes a novel and more efficient left zero fill circuit which results in an improved arrangement for effecting right justification of entries in a partly filled field and the filling of the unused columns with zeros.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective showing of the novel data station as mounted in and on a conventional secretarial type desk;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged version of the keyboard which is located on the top of the desk shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged version of the display panel which is located at the back of the desk surface shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a typical program-planning card along with an exemplary program for entering data for tape storage;

FIG. 5 is a truth table for the mode switches of the data station;

FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are block diagrams illustrating the sequence of operation of the equipment in the program enter, program verify and data entry modes;

FIGS. 9-13 when assembled in adjacent relation set forth the circuitry of the data station in detail;

FIGS. I4A-V comprise a graphic showing of the pulses which are generated by and used in the control of the data station circuitry of FIGS. 9-13;

FIG. is a schematic view of the memory which is used in the data station system; and

FIGS. I6 and I7 illustrate the left zero fill circuitry used in the system.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION The data station unit, as noted above, is a device which prepares raw data for storage on a magnetic tape for ultimate use with computer equipment. In a preferred form shown in FIG. I, the data station unit comprises a desk I0 having a knee space II and a top I3 which has a keyboard I2 located thereon for ready access by an operator when seated at the desk 10. A display board I4 displays infonnation to the operator, the information displayed varying with the particular mode in which the system is being used at the time.

A reel to reel tape handler (not shown) is located in an upper desk drawer 18 located to the left of the knee space 11 provided in the desk 10. The tape deck during normal operation is located out of sight in the drawer 18. Rewind is initiated by a switch control and when complete, turns off to rewind the reel drive. Sensing devices are built in to detect reflector marks at the beginning and end of the tape for use in the automatic control of the tape.

A large area 16 on the desk top to the left of the keyboard 12 is provided for location of source documents from which raw data is obtained by the operator for keying into the system via keyboard 12. That is, (as will be described in more detail hereinafter), in the use of the data station It) the operator visually reads out information from an original source document and operates the keyboard 12 to insert such information into a magnetic core memory in the system As a predetermined amount of information-referred to herein as a unit record of data-has been entered into the memory via the keyboard (much in the same manner that a typist would type a letter or operate a conventional card punch), the unit record of data is automatically transferred from the memory to the tape. During the operation of the keyboard 12 to enter data into the memory, if the operator senses a keying error the operator need merely backspace and access the previously keyed position and the information in memory will be visually displayed whereby the operator can immediately make the necessary correction. Of particular significance, the display I4 indicates the character keyed in a direct alphanumeric readout so that little time is lost in translating coded information into recognizable characters. In addition the location of the characters on the display 14 are positioned relative to one another in a pattern which is identical to the pattern on the keyboard 12. Such positioned presentation is extremely useful in reducing the time required to correct operation-sensed errors during data entry.

With reference to FIG. 2, the keyboard 12 is shown to comprise a standard 47 character IBM coded decimal keyboard combining the features of a typewriter and a keypunch keyboard. The keys and numbers are arranged in four rows of alternately thirteen and twelve characters each with a number field (space) bar located at the bottom. The letter characters for the most part appear on the left hand side of the keyboard 12 and the number characters and special function keys appear on the right hand side of the keyboard 12.

The single markings are letter field keys and constitute an illegal key stroke in a programmed number shift. Error light 20 will flash in the event of such illegal operation by the operator. Keys with dual markings are dual character keys with the lower designations being enabled during a letters shift. The upper character markings are enabled when a manual NUM shift key is depressed. The remaining fifteen marked keys are special function keys which are used to modify the basic functions of the data station as will be described in more detail hereinafter.

Keyboard I2 further locates an AUTOSKIPIDUPIOFF switch 22, which enables automatic skipping and duping for fields which are so programmed, a release switch 24 which enables a manual or automatic release to or from tape, and a REVERT-OFF-PROG 1/2 switch 260 which controls program selection. The specific operation of the switches 22, 24, 26 will be described in detail in a specific example which is given hereinafter.

With reference now to FIG. 3, the display console I4 is shown as comprising six different visual display areas or sections. The column indicator section 26 in the machine disclosed herein has positions which indicate to the operator the one of the columns of information for which data is being entered. Each column of information has a corresponding position in memory, and the 120 positions in display sector 26 on console 14 identifies the particular position in which the next bit of information is to be entered as a result of a further key stroke on the keyboard 12. In the normal entry of successive characters in a manual field, each key stroke on the keyboard 12 normally advances the column indicator section 26 one position. However, as will be shown, in the entry of data in an automatic Skip or Dup field each key stroke advances the indicator over the automatic field to the column which has the next non-automatic beginning of field (MSP). The use of memory (or field backspace key) on the keyboard I2 will step the column indicator 26 backwards to the previously manually keyed character (or the MS? of a keyed field respectively as the case may be; or to the MS? of an auto entered field if the automatic switch is off A second display area 28 located on the left hand portion of the display board l4 presents a display of the alphanumeric and special characters of keyboard 12 arranged in the same pattern as the keys on the keyboard 12.

In use of the data station for data entry, display section 28 identifies to the operator with an illuminated background the particular character which is entered into the one of the memory positions which is identified by the column indicator 26. Since the readout is in the English language and the characters are located on the display section 28 in the same relative position as on the keyboard, the operator is able to determine the information which was previously keyed into memory in a more reliable and expeditious manner.

The display section 28 is also used during verification to display the character to be verified by the next key stroke, and the same advantages accrue to the user.

A program display section 29 identifies to the operator the nature of the program in use, from field to field, and is expressed in words and numbers which correspond to the program code, as will be shown.

A mode display section 30 on display console 14 includes lighted words DATA Frog 1, Prog 2, Enter, Verify, Search, whose combination indicate the functional mode of the machine. For example it indicates whether a program is being entered or verified, and which of the programs is enabled for the purpose. A Data lamp in the same section is illuminated along with the Enter or Verify word when data is being entered or verified. When the data station is conditioned for a search, the lighted word Search" in area 30 will so indicate.

A status display 32 located on the display panel indicates when the data station is ready for operation by illuminating the Ready" light. Such portion of the display also includes a "Tape Error" light which indicates whenever a tape write or readout error is encountered; a NON-COMP (non-compare) light which indicates during verification. If in a keyed Dup field whenever the data read from the tape does not match the data stored in core memory the non-compare identifies the error type. An EOT light to indicate that the end of the tape code has been reached, and a TRM light which indicates to the operator that the reflective marker on the trailer portion of the tape has been reached.

Display section 32 further includes an FPR indicator light which operates whenever the file protect ring is not installed on the reel when the equipment is in the Enter Data mode. That is, as will be shown, a file protect ring is used on the reels, and the system inhibits the Data Entry Mode without such ring properly located on the reel.

Display set 34 is the only coded display and is used to indicate the binary bit structure of the particular character which was previously entered in memory. Thus, if the numeral 5 is being displayed from memory, bit lamps l and 4 in area 34 will be illuminated to provide a visible indication of the bit structure in memory. This is normally used for bit structure verification of codes not corresponding to the keyboard character set.

A face plate 40 located along the bottom marginal edge of the display panel l4 mounts a group of console switches including an on-off switch 42 which is the master power switch for the data station 10, a record length selector switch 44 which allows the operator to select any desired record and program length in steps of columns at a time (i.e., 20, 40, 60, etc., to a maximum of 240 in the illustrated unit), mode switches 46, 47 and 48 which provide five distinct operating modes for the data station as indicated by the identified positions, and tape control switches 49, 50, 51 and 52 which provide for control of various basic tape movements such as load, rewind, retry and record BIS (record backspace).

PROGRAM PROCEDURE As indicated heretofore, the novel data station of the invention is used to prepare raw data for input to a computer unit, the operator using the keypunch keyboard 12 in the manner of a typewriter or keypunch keyboard to key the information into the data station which responsively enters the keyed data into an associated magnetic core memory for storage, until a complete record of data is entered.

Each such complete record is then transferred from the memory to the tape for use with a computer system, recording of the information on the tape being effected in the seven level BCD tape code (six data bits plus a parity bit using odd or even parity) or EBClDlC etc. While the pattern of entry of the data will vary with the particular records which are to be kept, in most instances, it is desirable that the data be entered in a predetermined pattern and accordingly program control keys are provided to establish a format or program to be followed in transcribing data from the source document to the tape.

More specifically, programs which are entered by an operator with the keyboard 12 are stored in the section of the magnetic core memory devoted to the program instructions. Such instructions remain in a preassigned program section in memory until altered. Corrections or changes while keying in the program are made by simply back-spacing and keying in the correct program code. As will be shown there are eight memory cores for each position in the program memory portion, four each for programs l and 2. Each of the four cores are assigned to binary position designations 8-4-2-1. In the binary system each core is considered to be on or off, active or inactive. The on" states are represented by l and the off states by 0. If the program code 3, for example, is entered in a particular column, it would be shown as 001 l at the 8-4-2-l bit locations respectively.

Two programs, Prog. 1, Frog. 2, are provided in the data station of the present disclosure. The desired program is selected by operating the program key (PRG) on the keyboard, and the selected program is indicated by the program display in the area 30 on the display console. A further operation of the program key effects selection of the alternate program.

The "Revert-Off-Prog. l-2 switch 26a controls programming functions. In the Off position, the data station is in the letter shift unless overridden by a manual number shift. This mode provides for entry of formatless records, and the like. In the Frog. l-2 positions, selection of either program I or 2 is possible by means of the Program Key on keyboard 12. In the revert position, the system enables the automatic shift from Program 2 to Program 1 after a record is entered or verified under control of Program 2. The data station will remain under the control of Program 1 until the program key is used to enable Program 2 again, after which the revert action will occur again.

It is believed advisable for the purpose of more clearly understanding the functions of the data station unit to set forth at this time a typical program which may be used for record entry purposes.

PROGRAM CARD With reference to FIG. 4, a typical program for key-entering of the data in a common pattern is shown thereat.

In the illustrated example, only columns of the possible 240 columns available in the data station equipment will be used. Both Programs 1 and 2 will be used to illustrate the automatic duplicating feature of the system. The programs illustrated are of the type which might be used for payroll purposes and as indicated in FIG. 4 provide date, department, clock, wages, plant code, wage scale and hours information on each record, different records being used for different employees.

More specifically, in the example of HO. 4, the columns in such program are divided into fields which include a date field (Columns 1-5), a department field (Col. 6-9), clock number (Col. 10-15), skip field (Col. 16-24), wage scale field (Col. 25-35), plant code field (Col. 36-46), wage scale field (Col. 47-54), hours field (Col. 55-58), a further skip field (Col. 59-69) and name field (Col. 70-80 ENTRY OF PROGRAM 1 It will be observed that the data is normally gathered and placed in the selected column positions so that the particular information which can be repeated in the records for a number of employees will appear in the same portion of the record. Thus, in the present example, the payroll information which is the same for a large number of employees would include the pay rate, date and department. Likewise the plant code and wage scale may be the same for a large number of the employees. Since the information in such fields can normally be duplicated in the records for a large number of employees, and assuming that Program I is to be entered first, the

operator will enter digit 4 (the duplicate digit as shown by the legend at the bottom of the program card) in the first column (or most significant positionMSP) for each of such fields. In the present example, digit 4 is entered in Column 1 of the date field, Column 6 of the department field, Column 36 of the plant field, and Column 47 of the wage scale field. The first column (MSP) for a numeric field which is not duplicated is normally keyed with the digit 2 and the subsequent columns of the numeric field are keyed with spaces (i.e., see the Clock field, Col. 10-15 in FIG. 4).

The first column (MSP) ofa letters field is keyed with digit 3 (see Col. 70 in the name field) and the following columns of the letters field are keyed with digit 1.

In the entry of information pertaining to the date field, it is normal to use numeric designations (as for example 05/2319). With reference to the program shown in FIG. 4, the operator keys the Dup. number 4 in the first column (whereby the date information will be automatically duplicated on a series of records, as will be shown), and keys spaces" for the remaining Columns 2-5 of the numeric field which is used for DATE information.

In a similar manner, the number 4 is keyed into Column 6 (the first column or MSP) of the Department field. Assuming the Department" field is also a numeric field, the operator will key spaces into Columns 7-9 of the "Department" field.

The clock number which unlike the date or department information will change for each employee, is not a field which can be duplicated (i.e., each employee will have a different clock number) and accordingly the operator will key the code numeral "2" into the first or MSP column of such field (Col. 10) to identify the field as a numeric field, and will key spaces in the remaining Columns 11-15 of such field.

In the present example, Columns 16-24 are used to store other information which is not programmed at this time. As a result, the system is programmed to automatically skip over Columns 16-24 as the data is entered. Automatic skip is achieved by keying digit 5 into the MSP (Column 16) of the Skip field and keying spaces for the remaining columns 17-24 of the field.

The wage field, as in the case of the clock field, will have information which may differ from employee to employee, and accordingly the columns in the wage field are set up in the manner of the clock field (that is, the MSP of the field Column is keyed with numeral 2 to indicate a numeric field, and the remaining Columns 26-35 are keyed with spaces to identify a numeric field).

The plant code field (Col. 36-46) and the wage scale field ((ol. 47-54) are set up in the manner of the date and department fields so that duplication will be automatically provided as the successive records are made for the different employees on the plant payroll, and the hours field (Col. 55-58) is set up in the manner of the wage field. Columns 59-69 are assigned to a skip field which is set up in the manner of the previous skip field (Col. 16-24). The employee name field (Col. 70-80) has been set up as a letters field and accordingly the letters code (3) is keyed into column 70, and since the following columns 71-80 of the employee name field will have letters, code numeral 1 is inserted in columns 71-80. At this time program entry is complete.

VERIFICATION OF PROGRAM 1 With Program 1 now entered, it is normal for the operator to verify the program entry. In so doing, the operator sets the enter-verify switch 47 (FIG. 3) to the verify position and depresses both the ERR and the I'IOM keys on keyboard 12. The Program l-Verify lamps in display section 32 are illuminated, and the system automatically returns to Column 1 Program 1 in memory. The lamp behind digit 1 of the column display section 26 is now illuminated and digit 4 is illuminated on display section 28, and the "4 DUP legend in display section 29 is lit.

The operator now strikes key 4" and the machine compares such number with the number stored in the memory cores for column I of Program I. Assuming a valid comparison occurs, the machine advances to the column 2. According to a feature of the present invention, it is only necessary to verify the information at the most significant position (MSP). The remaining columns in each field (which normally contain spaces or 1's, depending on the MSP) will be automatically verified at a machine speed of 20 microseconds per column. Before each MSP is key-verified, the program display will indicate the type of field by lighting up the appropriate number and word on the display section 29, and the appropriate number on display section 28. Any noncompare will light the error light 20 (FIG. 2) and lock out the keyboard 12. In such event the operator operates the enter-verify switch 47 back to the enter position and depresses the proper key to correct the error. After error correction the enter-verify switch 47 is retunred to the verify position so that the verification may continue. It will be apparent that in the present example it is necessary during verification to enter the MSPs for only ten columns and that the other 70 columns will be automatically verified, unless a "0" follows a 3" or a l follows a 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 (8, 9, l0,etc.) in which case the error light is extinguished and the field must be keyed out manually, whereby a substantial saving in operator time is effected during program verificatron.

ENTRY OF PROGRAM 2 After entry and verification of Program I, the operator depresses the ERR-HOM keys and the program key on keyboard 12 (FIG. 2) to select Program 2, and operates switch 47 to the Enter position. The display sections illuminate the lights for Column 1, Section 26', Program 2, Enter, Section 30; Sections 28 and 29 display data from previous entry. As shown in FIG. 4, the automatic duplicate fields (those fields identified with the numeral 4) in Program I are numeric fields and are identified in Program 2 by keying the digit 2 for the MSPs of such fields (i.e., Col. 1, 6, 36 and 47). The operator also keys digit 5 for MSP of the skip fields (Col. 16, 59) digit 6 for the MSP of the LOF field (Col. 25), and digit 3 for the MSP of the letters field (Col. 70). Spaces or ones as appropriate are entered on the field following the MSPs. After entry of Program 2, the system is returned to the start position (Col.1) by operation of the ERR-HOM keys. Program 2 is now verified in the manner of Program I asdescribed above.

DATA ENTRY The operator now prepares to enter the data for the first employee (i.e., while the system is still in Program 2 condition) by operating the Prog-Data switch 46 (FIG. 3) to the data position.

Assuming the date for the payroll entry in the present example is 05/2319, the operator will operate the keys 0, 5, 2, 3, 9, in that order and the machine effects entry of such data in cores for Columns [-5 in the date memory for program 2. Department information and clock information is entered in like manner in Columns 6-9 and Columns 10-15 respectively. As the system is advanced to Column 16 the data station circuitry automatically skips to Column 25.

Assuming the calculated wages for the employee are $43.2l, the operator strikes keys 4, 3, 2, l and the LZF (left zero field) key and the machine automatically fills Columns 25-31 with zeros and places the amount $43.2l in Columns 30-35.

The manner of entry of the remaining date (plant code, wage scale, hours, name) will be obvious from the foregoing description.

As the data for Column is entered, the data station circuitry automatically releases the data block (i.e., the data entered for Columns l-80) to the tape and returns to the home position (Column 1) and then advances to the first nonduplicate or non-skip MSP. Assuming the switch 26a (FIG. 2) was in the revert-position, the system now automatically reverts to Program I. Since the data field (Column 1 of Program 1) has duplicate code 4 in the MSP, the circuitry will automatically duplicate the information which is stored in the corresponding field in Program 2. The department information (Columns 6-9) will likewise be duplicated, and the machine automatically advances to Column 10 (the MSP for the clock number field of the second employee). Thus the operator only needs to key in data in the field in the successive blocks which do not constitute duplicate information.

As the information for one department has been completed, and information for employees of a different department is to be entered, the operator can simply change to Program 2 by pressing the program key, depressing the ERR-HOM keys on the operator keyboard l2, and advancing the system to the MSP of the department field (Column 6). At this time, the operator merely depresses the new department number. After entry, the operator once more operates the Program key to select Program I for the purpose of entering the information for the first employee of such department. When the operator completes entry of a block of data (i.e., when the last Column 80 is keyed), the machine automatically transfers the record from the data memory to the tape. When a successful transfer of data is made from memory to tape, the machine advances to position 1 for the next record entry.

If the transfer to tape is unsuccessful, the tape error light in display section 32 and error light on the keyboard panel will be illuminated. In order to rewrite the record on tape, the retry switch 51 (FIG. 3) on the console 14 is pressed momentarily to enable a backspace, erase forward, write, backspace, forward read tape motion. Assuming the rewrite is now successful, the ready lamp will be illuminated.

Operator sensed errors may be corrected during data entry by backing up the memory and rekeying. The operator may back up to the previously keyed character position by using the ERR MBS keys on keyboard l2 or may back up to the beginning of the field by using the ER FBS key on Keyboard 12, or by backing up to the beginning of non-automatic fields of the record by using the ERR I-IOM keys on keyboard 12.

DATA VERIFICATION After the completion of entry of a file of information, the operator verifies the data which was entered. To verify a record, the operator operates the Frog-Data switches 46 to the Data position, and the Enter-Verify Switches 47 to the Verify condition. Assuming the program 1 is to be used in verification the program key is depressed to select program 1 and the release key is operated to read the data on the tape back into the date memory. The operator now keys in the data from the source document, and each key stroke results in the comparison of the keyed character with the character which is stored in memory. The data display section 28 illuminates the character in memory to be verified while the program display section 29 indicates by number and words the nature of the active field. As long as the keyed character matches the character in data memory, the memory position indicator 26 advances one step with each key stroke.

With the automatic Skip/Dup switch 22 (FIG. 2) in the automatic position, the program skip and dup fields are machine verified. A programmed LOF field will be machine verified up to the first non-zero character, regardless of the position of the automatic skip/dup switch.

In an error condition is detected, i.e., (the key stroke character and the character in memory do not compare) the error lamp 20 will light and the keyboard I2 will be locked out and the column indicator 26 will not advance. If the operator checks the character display and establishes that there is an incorrect character, she may correct such error by operating the ER/COR keys on keyboard 12 before the proper key stroke is made. Such operation will correct a single character in memory and the verification may continue. If the operator has merely miskeyed during the verification, she simply hits the ER key and keys the correct character.

By way of brief summary, it will be seen from the foregoing description that the codes which are used in the machine operation include letter and number shift codes (2 and 3),

field definition codes (space and l automatic skip and automatic duplication code (codes 5 and 4), left zero field codes (code 6), non-verifying code (code 7) all but 0-] serve as stop codes.

The use of the space" and code digits 1-5 in a program will be apparent from the foregoing above example. Left zero fill code 6 as indicated above is used to identify the most significant position of a numbers field and to right justify significant numbers. The code 7 which need not be verified is used to identify the most significant position of a numbers field during data entry.

MODES OF OPERATION The foregoing description sets forth typical steps which may be taken by the operator in the entry of payroll data from source documents into the machine for recording directly onto computer compatible magnetic tape in a predetermined pattern. In such example, the steps performed by the operator in program and data entry and verification were outlined. In addition to its use in the data and program entry modes, the system may also be used in a search mode when it is desired to find one record out of the many records which have been placed on the tape. In such search, the information in data memory in the form of an identifier record is compared with each record at the rate of approximately 2,448 records of I00 columns per minute. When the desired record is located, the search is automatically terminated.

The selection of the particular mode of operation for the data station as noted above is effected by appropriate operation of the three mode switches 46, 47, 48 (FIGS. 3 and 5a) each of which has two positions, and which have functions which are illustrated by the truth table set forth in FIG. 5b.

As an aid to understanding the specific circuitry set forth hereinafter, a block diagram of the program and data entry and verify modes is set forth in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 and is briefly described hereat.

ENTRY MODE As indicated above, in use of the system the operator initially prepares and enters a program or programs (such as Programs l and 2 shown in FIG. 4 for example) into the system. In the entry of a program, such as illustrated Program 1, the three switches 46, 47, 48 (FIG. 3) are operated to the upper position as viewed in FIG. 50. Additionally the record select switch 44 (FIG. 3) will be set to the desired record length (position for the eighty column card shown in FIG. 4). The revert switch 26 on the keyboard 12 (FIG. 2) and the program key are next operated to condition the system for entry of Program 1.

Assuming that the system has been conditioned for entry of Program I as indicated, it will be recalled that in entering Pro gram l, (FIG. 4), the operator will initially depress the numeric key 4 on the keyboard 12.

With reference to FIG. 6, the system in response to the keying of digit 4 on keyboard 12 controls associated circuitry including a strobe generator 79 to provide pulses B, C which clear or reset an associated program register A and strobe gate 106 to forward the code for the depressed key from matrix 70 to the cleared A register I40. Pulse D output from strobe generator 79 is generated with release of the operated key by the operator (key 4 in the present example) and pulse D as generated enables machine cycle pulse generator MCP 6 to generate eight successive clock pulse X, [-6, Y to effect a predetermined operation of the system circuits. More specifically, with the generation of clock pulse X during program entry, program register B (128) is cleared, and the information stored in the cores for Column 1 of Program I in memory 50 is transferred from such cores to the B register I28. Clock pulse 2 input to Program B clears the information as registered in Program Register B (I28), and pulse CLK 3 transfers the information (digit 4) stored in Program Register A (140) to Program Register B(l28) and thereafter transfers the digit 4 from Register B to the memory cores assigned to Column 1 for Program l. Clock pulse 4 of the cycle clears Program Register B and advances counter 154 to select the group of cores which are assigned to Column 2 of Program 1 in memory 50.

The second column indicator light 2 in display section 26 is illuminated as counter 1S4 advances to such position in memory 50, and the system is now conditioned to receive new information for Column 2, Program 1. The information presently stored in the cores for Column 2 of Program I (if any) is displayed on Section 28 of display console 14. Clock pulses 5, 6 and Y effect operations which are not in point during the program entry mode.

The system circuitry is operative in such manner with each successive key stroke by the operator to generate pulses B,C,D,X,l-6,Y and thereby load the successive columns 1-80 of Program I.

VERlFlCATlON MODE In the use of the system to verify Program 1 which was entered in memory 50, the operator now sets the switch 47 (FIG. 3) to the verify position (switches 46, 48 remain in the program and off position respectively), and then operates the ER- HOM key on keyboard 12. As a result, the machine will automatically move to position 1, and by a machine cycle effect the display of the number stored in the cores of memory 50 for the first column (digit 4 in the present example). The Program 1 and verify legends in display section 30 (H6. 3) will be lit.

With specific reference now to FIG. 7, a block diagram is used to illustrate the successive steps of the equipment in effecting verification. More specifically, as the operator depresses the ER-HOM keys, (recalling that the digit 4 is stored in Column 1 of Program l in memory), the strobe generator 79 generates pulses BCD and pulse B clears Register A, Pulse C strobes gate 106 without effect and Pulse D enables machine cycle pulse generator MCP to provide clock pulses X, 1-6, Y. As the pulse cycle proceeds to the pulse CLK 4 (the pulses CLK 1-3 being without significance at this time other than to clear Registers A and B), the counter 154 is reset to position 1, and on Pulse CLK 5 the information in Column 1 (digit 4 in this example) is read into Program Register B for display purposes in Section 29 of display console 14. The digit 4 in Program Register B is also applied to the comparator circuit 180 and the MSP detector circuit 188. Such circuit in detecting digit 4 prepares the automatic verification circuit 500 for operation in the event the operator presses the proper key in the next verification step. Pulse CLK 6 reads the digit 4 back into Column 1, Program 1 of memory, but does not clear the information from the Program Register 8. As a result digit 4 will now be lit on the display portion 28 of console 14 and the 4 DUP legend on the display section 29 will be illuminated awaiting further action by the operator.

As the operator now depresses key 4, the system operates as described in the above example to provide pulses B, C and D which result in the reset of the Program Register A (140) by pulse 8, and strobing of gate 244 by Pulse C which results in passage of the code for digit 4 from matrix 70 to the Program Register A. Digit 4 as stored in Program Register A by pulse C appears at compare circuit 180 for comparison with the character in Program Register Bl. lf comparison occurs, output conductor NC to the automatic verification is marked with logic 0. With the release of the key for digit 4 by the operator, pulse D from strobe generator 79 initiates the machine cycle by generator MCP to effect the generation of eight successive clock pulses X, 1-6, Y in sequence.

With the generation of pulse CLK X, program register B is cleared, and the digit 4 in the cores associated with column 1 in Program l in memory is once more transferred to the cores in Program Register B. In addition pulse CLK 1 is inhibited at gate 220 by the 0" signal on conductor NC, thereby permitting the automatic verification circuit 500 to initiate another machine cycle via conductor 230. if a noncompare occurs, move to the next address will be stopped by an output signal from compare circuit 180 over the NC lead logic which inhibits CLK 4 to the counter 154. However, assuming no noncompare occurs, the cycle proceeds with pulse CLK 2 which is without effect in this cycle, and pulse CLK 3 writes the bit which was in Program Register B back into the cores for Column 1 in Program 1, and pulse CLK 4 advances the counter 154 to Column 2 of Program 1. As pulse CLK 5 occurs, the information placed in Column 2, Program I of memory during the program entry mode (a space) is read into Program Register Bl for display purposes and pulse CLK 6 writes the same information back into Column 2, Program 1 without disturbing such information on Program Register B 1.

Pulse CLK 6 to the automatic verification circuit 500 also enables the same to provide a space bit to Program Register A. With pulse CLK 6 (and assuming comparison occurred so that the circuit 500 has been prepared) the automatic verification circuit 500 provides a repeat signal to initiate a further cycle of the machine cycle pulse generator MCP and the automatic verification of the information in Column 3, Program 1.

Without repeating the details, the initiation of the next cycle of pulse generator MCP by the verification circuit 500 in this manner is the same as the operator depressing the space key, and the cycle will be effective in such manner to compare the space bit placed in Program Register A by the automatic verification circuit 500 with the space bit placed in Column 2 of Program 1 memory by the operator during the program entry mode.

Such manner of operation continues until a further MSP is detected by the detector circuit 188. At such time the automatic verification is terminated, and the MSP detected is displayed to the operator in the particular column in which the MSP has been stored.

The operator now keys the MSP indicated by the program card and in the event of comparison therewith of such keyed digit (digit 4 in Column 6 in the present example), the machine will proceed with the automatic verification of the subsequent Columns 7-9 in the second field in the manner just described.

The system circuitry continues in such manner to automatically verify the columns of a field after each successive MSP for such field has been keyed in by the operator until each of the fields on the card have been properly verified.

1n the event that a nonverification is detected, the machine will complete the cycle in which it is engaged, and stop to permit the operator to correct an error in the described mannerv For automatic verification of program fields MSP 3 need be followed by 1 (letter field) and MSPs 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 followed by 0 (NUM Field), Other fields can be used but not for automatic verification. MSPs 2, 4, S, 6, 7 are defined as NUM shift program codes.

DATA ENTRY MODE In the date entry mode, the system is conditioned for the receipt of data via the keyboard as operated by an attendant which data is placed in the data section of memory 50, bit by bit, until a complete record has been keyed into the station. As a complete record is entered into memory columns in the present example), a release action occurs to enable transfer of the record from the data section of memory 50 to the tape.

With reference to the block showing in FIG. 8, the operator after placing the system in the data entry condition for Program 2 and operating the ERR-HOM keys to return the system to Position 1 now depresses the proper key on keyboard 12 for the character to be entered. In the example of FIG. 4, the DATE field appears first and assuming the date to be entered is 05/2319 the operator depresses key 0. As a result of the key stroke, strobe generator 79 provides pulse B as a reset signal to clear the data register A (260) and a pulse C which strobes gate 246 to cause entry of the keyed character 0 in binary form into data register A for storage therein. As the key is released by the operator, strobe generator 79 provides pulse D to machine cycle pulse generator MCP which responsively provides cycle pulses CLK X, 1-6, Y.

The pulse CLK X clears the data and program B registers 267, I280, 12% respectively, and effects reading of the data and the program information for the selected column (Column I in the present example) from memory 50 into the data register B (267) and program registers B1, B2 (1280, l28b). Pulse CLK 2 of the cycle clears the data information from the data B register 267 (the program information is not cleared from the program register B). On pulse CLK 3 the in formation in the date A register 260 is fed to the date 8 re gister 267 and thereafter the data and program information are transferred or restored from the data register B (267) and program registers B1, B2 I280, l28b) into the respective sections of memory 50; at pulse CLK 4, the data register B (267) and the program register BI, B2 (1280, 12%) are cleared. Pulse CLK 4 also advances the counter I54 to the next memory position (Col. 2). Pulse CLK 5 reads the information in the core memory 50 for Column 2 into both the data register B (267) and program registers Bl, B2 (l28u, I28b) and thereafter at pulse CLK 6 writes the information in data register B back into the data and program sections of memory 50 without destroying such information on the data and program registers 81, B2.

It will be apparent that during the period that the information is registered in data register B, the keyboard pattern on display section 28 of console I4 is energized to provide a readout display for the attendant indicating the information which is stored in the column identified on the display section 26. In addition the display section 26 indicates the column which has been selected and display section 29 indicates by numbers and words the active field.

DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The data station circuitry is shown in more detail in FIGS. 9-13. With initial reference to FIG. 9, three of the character keys 1,4; K,5; 0,3 of the 35 keys on keyboard 12 (FIG. 2) are shown connected to the vertical and horizontal conductors of coding matrix 70. With depression of a key such as K,5, and closure of associated contacts 74 potential is applied to vertical conductor 60 to generate a signal in the binary code for transmission over (a) program path 86, (b) number data path 80 and (c) letter data path 72 for selective gating to the system circuitry. Key closure path 90 is also enabled to initiate a cycle of the system.

More specifically, matrix 70 is basically comprised of three different sections including the number shift section 71, the letter shift section 72 and the program shift section 73.

The number section 7I includes a first set of six horizontal marking conductors of the matrix 70 which are identified as I, 2, 4, 8, A, B, respectively. The letter section 72 has a similar set of six horizontal matrix conductors I, 2, 4, 8, A, B and the program shift section 73 has a set of four horizontal matrix conductors (I, 2, 4, 8). Each key such as 5,K has its contacts such as 74 connected to a vertical conductor such as 60 which in turn is selectively connected to the ones of the horizontal conductors of each group in sections 71, 72, 73 which will result in a code output from the matrix 70 to the register equipment which identifies the one ofthe keys which has been operated. Key 5,K, at its contacts 74 as operated, for example, connects potential via vertical conductor 60 and diodes 63, 64 in the number section 7I to horizontal conductors I, 4 to represent the number 5. The same key in the same operation connects potential via vertical conductor 60 and diodes 65, 66 in the letter section 72 to the horizontal conductors 2,8 (which in the IBM 47 character BCD code represents the letter K), and further connects potential via vertical conductor 60 and diodes 67, 68 to horizontal conductors I and 4 in the program section 73 to mark the digit 5 in the program section.

Thus with each operation of a key, such as illustrated key 5,K, corresponding ones of the horizontal conductors in the three sections 7!, 72, 73 of matrix 70 are marked to indicate the operated ones of the keys.

Each key such as 5,K is also connected over a diode such as 75 and resistance such as 76 to ground, whereby closure of a key, such as key 5,K will result in application ofa 2 volt potential signal over conductor 77 and conductor to the strobe generator 79 for the system which initiates a cycle of the equipment in a manner to be described. The manner in which the other 34 character keys of keyboard 12 are connected to the matrix 70 will be readily apparent from such illustration.

Keyboard I2 also locates l5 special function keys I6 each of which is connected to control logic 17 to provide a specific operation of the system. Since such functions are special states not necessarily involved in the basic system operation, discrete showings of such circuitry is not believed to be necessary. It will be apparent however that I] ofthe 15 function keys I6 also effect an output signal over conductor 90 to the strobe generator 79 to initiate a machine cycle in the same manner as the other character keys.

When two or more keys are held depressed simultaneously, this voltage will be higher and will be detected by level dctcc tor 93 to indicate a "double key closure." Such double closure is normally an operator error and the condition is signalled to the operator so that she may strike the desired key only.

While each of the three matrices 7I73 may be marked each time a key, such as 5,K is operated, the information from only one section is used at any given time, the selected infor' mation being determined by the operating mode of the machine at the time. The program section markings are used, for example, only when the system is in the program entry or program verify mode as determined by the settings of switches 46, 47, 48 (FIG. 3). The information marked in the number and letter shift sections 71, 72 is used whenever the system is in the data entry or data verify mode depending on the shift selected.

During the period that a program is being entered, for example, the markings on the program shift section 73 will be fed over the four conductors 86(FIGv 9) and strobe gate 106 (FIG. I0) for storage in the program register A (FIG. 11) in a manner to be described. Alternatively, if the mode selection keys 46, 47, 48 (FIGv 3) have been operated to place the equipment in the Data Enter or Verify positions, the date select gates 84 are enabled to extend the markings on number section 71 or letter section 72 togate 246 (FIG. I0) and data register A (FIG. II). It will be apparent that because of this arrangement Data or Program instructions can be transferred to core independently of each other. That is, one can change program instructions without changing data in memory.

Operation of the select data gates 84 is basically determined by the program which was previously entered into the system. Thus if the system is in column I position, and the program indicates that a number should be entered, the program circuitry (to be described) will place a logic 0 over conductor 200 (FIG. 9) which as inverted by inverter 233, will enable the number AND gate 240 to extend the markings on the matrix conductors I, 2, 4, 8, AB for the number group H in the direction of the data registers, and will simultaneously inhibit letters AND gate 24]. Alternatively, if the program indicates that a letter is to be fed to the data register A, logic 1 input over conductor 200 and the inverter 233 to the number AND gate 240 will inhibit the number output from the number shift section H of the matrix 70, and the same logic I signal input to letter AND gate 24I will result in transmission of the markings on the horizontal conductors of matrix 70 for the letter shift section 72 over path 234 and gate 24] to path 243 for transmission towards the data register group. While gates 240, 241 have been illustrated as single gates, it will be ap parent that such gates are actually six gates arranged in the manner of strobe gates I06 (FIG. 10). Such simplified showing is used for gates 240, 241 and for other gates hereinafter to significantly reduce the number ofdrawings and description, it being apparent to one skilled in the art as to how such gates would be connected. 

1. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means for temporarily storing alphanumeric data to be recorded on the magnetic tape of associated tape means, coding means for converting the alphanumeric data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, cycling means, means controlled by said cycling means for transmitting the signals output from said coding means to said memory means, and display means having a first display readout for providing a display of the data stored in the memory in a direct alphanumeric presentation to the operator, and a second display readout for providing a numeric display which identifies the position in memory in which the alphanumeric being displayed by the first display readout is stored.
 2. A key to tape data processing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said first display readout includes alphanumeric characters arranged in a pattern which is identical to the location of corresponding alphanumeric characters on said keyboard, and which includes means for enabling selective readout of each alphanumeric character on said display means independently of the other characters thereon.
 3. In a key to tape data processing apparatus, a manually operable keyboard, memory means for temporarily storing alphanumeric data to be recorded on the magnetic tape of associated tape means including a plurality of discrete information storage positions, and addressing means for selectively addressing different ones of said positions, coding means for converting the alphanumeric data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, cycling means, means controlled by said cycling means for transmitting the signals output from said coding means to said memory means, and display means having a first display readout for providing a display of the data stored in the memory in a direct alphanumeric presentation to the operator and a second display readout comprising a set of numbers arranged in a horizontal row, each of which is preassigned to represent a different position in memory, and position matrix means for enabling each number independently of the other to provide a numeric readout of the selected position in memory at all times along with the readout on said first display means of the alphanumeric characters stored in the selected position in memory.
 4. A key to tape data processing apparatus as set forth in claim 3 in which different segments of said alphanumeric data are entered into different fields in said memory means, each of which fields comprises one or more of said positions in memory, and in which said display means includes a third readout comprised of alphanumeric indicia for selectively displaying to the operator identification data for each of said fields.
 5. A key to tape data processing apparatuS as set forth in claim 3 which includes enabling means for selectively and independently enabling said alphanumeric characters on said first display readout, and means enabled by said cycling means for selectively and simultaneously gating information from said memory means to said enabling means and to said tape means.
 6. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means for temporarily storing alphanumeric data to be recorded on magnetic tape, coding means for converting alphanumeric data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, cycling means, display means having alphanumeric character means for providing an alphanumeric readout of data stored in said memory means, each of said different character means having a fixed preassigned position on said display means and a discrete illuminating source, decoding means for selectively enabling the illuminating source for the alphanumeric character on said display means, data register means, first gate means controlled by said cycling means to selectively enable transfer of the information in said data register means to said memory means, output means for connecting the output of said data register means to said memory means and also to said decoding means to effect display of only the alphanumeric character which is registered therein, and backspace key means for effecting transfer of the character last stored in the memory means to said data register means for display in its fixed position by its discrete illuminating source.
 7. In a key to tape data processing apparatus, a manually operable keyboard, memory means for temporarily storing alphanumeric data to be recorded on magnetic tape, coding means for converting alphanumeric data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, cycling means, display means having alphanumeric character means for providing an alphanumeric readout of data stored in said memory means, decoding means for selectively enabling the alphanumeric characters on said display means, data register means, first gate means controlled by said cycling means to selectively transfer information in said memory means to said data register means, and output means connecting the output of said data register means to said decoding means to effect display of information stored therein, comprising at least six conductors B A 8 4 2 1 for providing an indication in binary code of the data fed to said data register means said display means including a matrix comprised of at least four horizontal conductors and 16 vertical conductors, a lamp and a unidirectional device connected between the horizontal and vertical conductor, and a first decoder means having its inputs connected to two of said six conductors, and the outputs thereof connected to said four horizontal conductors, and a second decoder means having a first section having its input connected to conductors 8 4 2 1, at least, of said six conductors, and a second section having its inputs connected to conductors 8 4 2 1, at least, of said six conductors, and means connecting the outputs of said first and second sections respectively to different ones of said 16 vertical conductors.
 8. A key to tape data processing apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which includes other register means connected to said coding means for receiving the signal output therefrom and other gate means controlled by said cycling means to transfer the coded data as stored in said other register means to said first register means, and in which said first gating means are controlled thereafter by cycling means in the same cycle to transfer the coded information in said first data register means to said memory means.
 9. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means for temporarily storing alphanumeric data to be recorded on magnetic tape, coding means for converting alphanumeric data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, said memory means having a field of positions, each position having means for storing data received from said coding means, cycling means, display means having alphanumeric character-display means for providing an alphanumeric readout of data stored in each position in said memory means, and program identification means for identifying the program for each field, means controlled by said cycling means for selectively enabling the alphanumeric characters on said display means to present the information in a selected position in said memory means, and program means controlled by said cycling means for simultaneously providing a presentation on said program identification means of the identification character for the field in which said characters are stored.
 10. In a key to tape data processing apparatus as set forth in claim 9 in which said program identification means includes digit identification means for each different field and alpha identification of each different field.
 11. A key to tape data processing apparatus as set forth in claim 9 which includes selection means for placing the system in the verification mode, and said program means includes MSP detector means for detecting the identification character for a field responsive to advancement of the system to the most significant position for such field, and verification means enabled by said MSP detector means to provide automatic verification signals for each of the remaining positions in such field.
 12. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means having a plurality of discrete positions, each of which is used to temporarily store data to be recorded on a magnetic tape, coding means for providing data introduced by operation of the keyboard in a form for storage in said positions in said memory means, cycling means operative to provide a sequence of enabling pulses in a cyclic pattern, first means including a first register, first gating means controlled by said cycling means in a given cycle to transfer the coded information from said coding means to said first register, second register means, second gating means controlled by said cycling means in the same cycle to transfer the coded data as stored in said first register means to said second register means, display means including decoder means for providing a visual display to the operator of the alphanumeric information in said second register means, means controlled by said cycling means in the same cycle to transfer the coded information from said second register means to said memory means for storage thereon, and position selection means controlled by said cycling means in the same cycle to select the next position in said memory means.
 13. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 12 in which each of which positions in said memory means has storage means, certain of said storage means for each position being connected to store the data information input from said second register means, and others of which are connected to store program information.
 14. A key to tape data processor system as set forth in claim 13 in which said coding means are operative to provide coded program signals responsive to operation of said keyboard, and means including a program register controlled by said cycling means to enter the program signals into the others of said storage means for said positions.
 15. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 14 which includes means controlled by said cycling means for reading the data information in said storage means for a position into said second register means and simultaneously reading the program information in said storage means for the same position into said program register means.
 16. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 15 which includes means connected to said program register means for determining the progRam for the succeeding cycle of said cycling means.
 17. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 15 which includes means for detecting the identifying character for a field of positions as placed in said program register means during a cycle.
 18. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 17 which includes means for providing automatic generation of characters for use in verification of the positions following the most significant position of a field having a given identifying character in said program register.
 19. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 17 which includes means for effecting cycling of the positions of a field in a data duplicating operation responsive to detection of a predetermined digit in said program register.
 20. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 12 which includes switch means for selecting a data entry operating mode, and alternately a program entry mode for the system, and in which said first and second registers are used to provide data information to said memory means for storage, and which includes a third and a fourth register corresponding to said first and second registers for processing program data from said coding means to said memory means, and means controlled by said cycling means to simultaneously effect a read and restore operation for said second and fourth registers.
 21. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 12 which includes switch means for selecting a data verify mode, and which includes means controlled by said cycling means for reading information from said memory means to said second register, comparator means, and means connecting the output of said first register means and said second register means to said comparator means for data verification purposes.
 22. A key to tape data processing apparatus as set forth in claim 12 in which operation of a key on said keyboard initiates operation of said cycling means to provide said sequence of pulses, and which includes reset means for clearing said first register responsive to one of said pulses and prior to operation of said first gating means to transfer the data from said coding means to said first register, clearing means for clearing said second register in response to a further one of said pulses, and read means for thereafter reading the data from a position in memory into said second register to clear such information from memory, said first gating means being operated thereafter by a further pulse from said cycling means to transfer the data in the first register to said second register, and write means controlled thereafter to write the information in the second register into the same position in said memory means.
 23. A system as set forth in claim 22 which includes address means responsive to a subsequent one of said pulses in the same cycle to effect selection of a different position in said memory means.
 24. A system as set forth in claim 22 which includes inhibit means for inhibiting said clearing means in duplication cycles.
 25. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means including a first plurality of positions for temporarily storing data to be recorded on magnetic tape, and a second plurality of positions for storing program information, certain of which are arranged in fields, each field having an identification character located in one of its positions, coding means for converting data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, cycling means, switch means for selecting an entry and verification mode for the data provided by said coding means, register means, means controlled by said cycling means for transferring the coded data from said coding means to said register means with said switch means in said entry mode, and automatic program verification means operative with said switching means in said verification mode to automatically provide coDed program information to said register means including means for checking the program position for each field identification character, and generator means responsive to detection of a field identification digit for a field to automatically provide verification digits for each digit in said field.
 26. A key to tape processing apparatus as set forth in claim 25 in which the positions of each field other than the position which stores the field identification character have spaces or ones stored therein, and in which generator means in said automatic program verification means are operative to provide spaces or ones for verification purposes until the field identification character for a subsequent field is detected.
 27. A system as set forth in claim 25 in which said generator means includes means responsive to detection of certain program information to enable said automatic verification means to provide spaces to said register means, and responsive to detection of other program information to provide logic one signals to said register means for verification purposes.
 28. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means having a plurality of positions for temporarily storing data to be recorded on magnetic tape, coding means for providing coded signals for each character keyed on said keyboard for storage in said memory means, cycling means, and means including at least one register means controlled by said cycling means for transferring the coded data to said memory means for storage, address means for selecting different ones of said memory positions, left zero fill key means for transferring data entered in the most significant positions of a field of positions to the least significant position in the field comprising means controlled by operation of said key means and said cycling means after entry of data in a left zero field to advance said addressing means to the most significant position of the next field, while clearing old data from each position and leaving such positions devoid of character codes means controlled by detection of said MSP to decrement said addressing means in search of the last entered character in the field, character detection means for detecting presence of a character in a position, and means responsive to such detection to transfer the character in memory in said position into one said register means for temporary storage and to condition said addressing means to increment responsive to further operation of said cycling means, means responsive to detection of the MSP of the next field to step the addressing means down one position and to place the character in said memory into the selected position in memory (MSP-1).
 29. A system as set forth in claim 28 in which means control said addressing means to be decremented with further operation of said cycling means and means controlled by said character detection means to effect transfer of the next character detected into said register for transport to position MSP-2.
 30. A system as set forth in claim 28 which includes means responsive to detection of the MSP for the field after each of the characters has been transported to the less significant position to increment said addressing means and load zeros into each of the positions in such field which do not have a character.
 31. The method of effecting a left zero fill operation in a system in which characters are entered in a field of positions in order starting with the most significant position of the field which comprises the steps of advancing over the remaining positions of such field after entry in search of the most significant positions of the next field, at the same time clearing those positions of old data and character codes, decrementing the search from the MSP as detected to the last character entered in the first field, transferring said last character from its position in memory into temporary storage, readvancing over the positions in seArch of the MSP of the next field, or a character previously transferred, and after detection of such MSP, or character, stepping back one position and transferring the stored digit into the MSP-1 position, or the character-1 position.
 32. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means for temporarily storing data to be recorded on magnetic tape, coding means for converting data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, said memory means having a plurality of positions, each of which has storage means for storing the coded information for a keyed character, cycling means, addressing means controlled by said cycling means to select different ones of said positions in memory, means controlled by said cycling means for transferring the coded data to the selected position in said memory means, one of said characters identifying a field consisting of a plurality of said positions, said one character being placed in the MSP position for such field, field backspace key means, means responsive to operation of said field backspace key means to control said cycling means to decrement said addressing means in the selection of successive positions in such field, means for detecting an MSP character in a position as selected, and means enabled responsive to selection of such position by said addressing means to terminate further decrementing of said addressing means by said cycling means.
 33. In a key to tape data processing apparatus comprising a manually operable keyboard, memory means having a plurality of discrete information storage positions for temporarily storing alphanumeric data to be recorded on magnetic tape, and address means for selectively addressing different ones of said positions, coding means for converting alphanumeric data introduced by operation of the keyboard to a form for storage in said memory means, cycling means, display means having first means for providing an alphanumeric readout of data stored in said memory means, and second means comprising a set of numbers, each of which is assigned to represent a different position in memory, position matrix means for enabling each number independently of the others to provide a numeric readout of the selected position in memory at all times, decoding means for selectively enabling said position matrix means, data register means, first gate means controlled by said cycling means to selectively transfer information in said memory means to said data register means, enabling means for said alphanumeric character means, and output means connecting the output of said data register means to said enabling means to effect the display of the information from a selected position which is stored in the data register means along with the numeric identification of the selected position in memory.
 34. A key to tape data processing system as set forth in claim 33 which includes counter means for driving said address means, and record selector means for establishing records of different lengths including means for selecting a position on said position matrix means, and means for coupling the signal output from said position matrix means over said record selector means to inhibit further operation of said counting means with selection of such position. 